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How Many Chromosomes Are In A Skin Cell, Chromosomes And Dna

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September 14, 2021
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growth and repaircreation of gametes (sexcells)method of reproduction inunicellular organisms

Binary Fission – type of reproductionthat occurs in bacterial cells, single celled organism splits and becomestwo identical organisms

Chromosomes andDNA

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Chromosomes are DNA wrappedaround proteins to form an X-shaped structure.

You are watching: How many chromosomes are in a skin cell

The diagram will help you seethe relationship.

1. Chromosomes are found inthe nucleus2. Chromosomes are made of DNA3. Sections of chromosomes are called genes

DNA – deoxyribonucleic acid(it is the genetic code that contains all the information needed to buildand maintain an organism)

ChromosomeStructure

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Chromosome Numbers

Each organism has a distinctnumber of chromosomes, in humans, every cell contains 46 chromosomes.Other organisms have different numbers, for instance, a dog has 78 chromosomesper cell.

See more: How Much Juice From One Orange ? How Much Juice Is In One Orange

Somatic Cells – body cells,such as muscle, skin, blood …etc. These cells contain a complete setof chromosomes (46 in humans) and are called DIPLOID.

Sex Cells – also known as gametes.These cells contain half the number of chromosomes as body cells and arecalled HAPLOID

Chromosomes come in pairs,called Homologous Pairs (or homologs). Imagine homologs as a matchingset, but they are not exacly alike, like a pair of shoes.

See more: Tales Of Xillia Those Who Act In Shadow S, Those Who Act In Shadows

Diploid cells have 23 homologouspairs = total of 46

Haploid cells have 23 chromosomes(that are not paired) = total of 23

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HomologousChromosomes

Sex Determination

Chromosomes determine the sexof an offspring. In humans, a pair of chromosomes called SEX CHROMOSOMESdetermine the sex.

If you have XX sex chromosomes- you are female

If you have XY sex chromosomes- you are male

During fertilization, spermcells will either contain an X or a Y chromosome (in addition to 22 otherchromosomes – total of 23). If a sperm containing an X chromosome fertilizesan egg, the offspring will be female. If a sperm cell containing a Y chromosomefertilizes an egg, the offspring will be male.

Creationof a Zygote

When two sex cells, or gametescome together, the resulting fertilized egg is called a ZYGOTE

Zygotes are diploid and havethe total 46 chromosomes (in humans)

Karyotype

A karyotype is a picture ofa person”s (or fetus) chromosomes. A karyotype is often done to determineif the offspring has the correct number of chromosomes. An incorrect numberof chromosomes indicates that the child will have a condition, like DownSyndrome

Compare the Karyotypesbelow

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Notice that a person with DownSyndrome has an extra chromosome #21. Instead of a pair, this person has3 chromosomes – a condition called TRISOMY (tri = three)

Trisomy results when chromosomesfail to separate – NONDISJUNCTION – when sex cells are created. The resultingegg or sperm has 24 instead of the normal 23.

Other conditions result fromhaving the wrong number of chromosomes:

Klinefelters Syndrome – XXY(sex chromosomes)

Edward Syndrome – Trisomyof chromosome #13

**Try constructingyour own Karyotype athttp://www.biology.washington.edu/karyotyping/karyotypeSample1.html

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