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You are watching: The two metaphors commonly used to describe the two views of the change process are ________.
/* Generator: eWebEditor */p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:”Times New Roman”,”serif”;}p.NormalText, li.NormalText, div.NormalText {margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-autospace:none;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:”Palatino Linotype”,”serif”;color:black;}.MsoPapDefault {margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;}div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;}1) The “calm waters” metaphor of change is consistent with Lewin”s concept of unfreezing, changing, and refreezing.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 153Topic: The Change ProcessObjective: 1Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual 2) In the “white-water rapids” metaphor of change, change is seen as an occasional disruption in the normal flow of events.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 153Topic: The Change ProcessObjective: 1Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual 3) Organizational change can be any alteration of people, structure, or technology.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 155Topic: Types of Organizational ChangeObjective: 2Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual 4) Managers exclusively play the role of change agents.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 155Topic: Types of Organizational ChangeObjective: 2Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual 5) Changing structure includes any change in structural variables such as reporting relationships, coordination mechanisms, employee empowerment, or job redesign.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 155Topic: Types of Organizational ChangeObjective: 2Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual 6) Labor strikes are an example of which of the following internal change factors?A) workforce compositionB) equipmentC) employee attitudesD) strategyAnswer: CPage Ref: 153Topic: The Change ProcessAACSB: Analytic SkillsObjective: 1Difficulty: ModerateClassification: Application7) The two metaphors commonly used to describe the two views of the change process are ________.A) running water and troubled waterB) calm waters and white-water rapidsC) marine water and freshwaterD) muckwater and mudwaterAnswer: BPage Ref: 153Topic: The Change ProcessObjective: 1Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual 8) In the ________ metaphor, change is normal and expected and managing it is a continual process.A) calm watersB) white-water rapidsC) marine-watersD) freshwaterAnswer: BPage Ref: 153Topic: The Change ProcessObjective: 1Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual 9) Lewin”s theory is consistent with the ________ theory of organizational change.A) white-water rapidsB) muckwaterC) mudwaterD) calm watersAnswer: DPage Ref: 153Topic: The Change ProcessObjective: 1Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual 10) According to Kurt Lewin, which of the following is a stage in the change process?A) restrainingB) drivingC) processingD) unfreezingAnswer: DPage Ref: 153Topic: The Change ProcessObjective: 1Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual11) According to Kurt Lewin, increasing the driving forces is a means of ________.A) unfreezingB) changingC) restrainingD) refreezingAnswer: APage Ref: 153Topic: The Change ProcessObjective: 1Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual 12) The unfreezing step of the change process can be thought of as ________.A) changing to a new stateB) sustaining a change over timeC) changing the organizational structureD) preparing for the needed changeAnswer: DPage Ref: 153Topic: The Change ProcessObjective: 1Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual 13) According to Lewin, which of the following is the objective of refreezing?A) directing behavior away from the status quoB) hindering the existing equilibriumC) eliminating the need for future changeD) stabilizing the new situationAnswer: DPage Ref: 153Topic: The Change ProcessObjective: 1Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual 14) Organizational change is any alteration of ________.A) people, structure, or technologyB) structure, management, or goalsC) technology, goals, or managementD) rules, procedures, or managementAnswer: APage Ref: 155Topic: Types of Organizational ChangeObjective: 2Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual15) In organizations, people who act as catalysts and assume the responsibility for managing the change process are called ________.A) change mastersB) change agentsC) change championsD) change generatorsAnswer: BPage Ref: 155Topic: Types of Organizational ChangeObjective: 2Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual 16) List a few cultural characteristics that an innovative organization possesses.Answer: An innovative organization has the following cultural characteristics:a. Accept ambiguity – Too much emphasis on objectivity and specificity constrains creativity.b. Tolerate the impractical – Individuals who offer impractical, even foolish, answers to what-if questions are not stifled. What at first seems impractical might lead to innovative solutions.c. Keep external controls minimal – Rules, regulations, policies, and similar organizationalcontrols are kept to a minimum.d. Tolerate risk – Employees are encouraged to experiment without fear of consequences should they fail. Mistakes are treated as learning opportunities. Employees do not fear to put forth new ideas. e.
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Tolerate conflict – Diversity of opinions is encouraged. Harmony and agreement between individuals or units are not assumed to be evidence of high performance.f. Focus on ends rather than means – Goals are made clear, and individuals are encouraged to consider alternative routes toward meeting the goals. Focusing on ends suggests that several right answers might be possible for any given problem.g. Use an open-system focus – Managers closely monitor the environment and respond to changes as they occur.h. Provide positive feedback – Managers provide positive feedback, encouragement, and support so employees feel that their creative ideas receive attention.i. Exhibit empowering leadership – A leader of an innovative organization lets his subordinates know that the work they do is significant. He provides organizational members the opportunity to participate in decision making. He shows them that he is confident that they can achieve high performance levels and outcomes. This has a positive influence on creativity.Page Ref: 168-169Objective: 5Difficulty: ModerateClassification: Conceptual
